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Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs)
Chemistry and Behavior
- Overview
- Policy and Guidance
- Chemistry and Behavior
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- Environmental Occurrence
- Toxicology
- Detection and Site Characterization
- Treatment Technologies
- Conferences and Seminars
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Halogenated Alkanes
Propanes
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP, CAS# 78-87-5) has a vapor pressure of 49.67 mmHg at 25oC (ATSDR 1989) and is a class IB flammable liquid (NIOSH 2005). The log Koc of 1,2-DCP is 1.67, the log Kow is about 1.99, and the Henry's constant is 2.07 e-3 atm-m3/mole (24oC) (ATSDR 1989). The solubility of 1,2-DCP is about 2,700 mg/L at 20oC (ATSDR 1989), and its specific gravity is about 1.16. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's toxicological profile for 1,2-DCP contains a useful summary table
of the physical properties of 1,2-DCP.
The relatively low Koc value calculated for 1,2-DCP in soil indicates that 1,2-DCP is likely to move quickly through soil and sediment (ATSDR 1989).
Based on a Henry's law constant of 1.1x10-3 atm-m3/mol at 20oC, 1,2-DCP is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces (ATSDR 1989). Modeling information for 1,2-DCP in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) suggests that its half life in a river one meter deep is about 3 hours, and about 4 hours in a lake.
Because of the low Kow of 1,2-DCP, bioaccumulation is not expected to occur to any significant extent (ATSDR 1989). The compound can be degraded by microbial action under anaerobic conditions (Loeffler et al. 1997 and Ritalaht 2004) but is highly recalcitrant under aerobic conditions (Haggbloom 2003 and Ritalaht 2004).
When released to the atmosphere, hydroxyl radicals are expected to degrade 1,2-DCP with a half life of greater than 23 days. Direct photolysis is not expected to occur (ATSDR 1989).
References
Dehalogenation: Microbial Processes and Environmental Applications
Haggblom, M.M. and I.D. Bossert.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1402074069, 520 pp, 2003
Complete Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2-Dichloropropane by Anaerobic Bacteria
Loeffler, F.E., J.E. Champine, K.M. Ritalahti, S.J. Sprague, and J.M. Tiedje.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63:2870-2875(1997)
View this and other papers
1,2-Dichloropropane
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
TOXNET, National Library of Medicine Web site.
Populations Implicated in Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2-Dichloropropane in Highly Enriched Bacterial Communities
Ritalahti, K. and Frank E. Loeffler.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(7):4088-4095(2004)
View abstract
Propylene Dichloride
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Publication Number 2005-149, 2005
Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloropropane
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 131 pp, 1989
For Further Information
Biodegradability of Chlorinated Solvents and Related Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds
Field, J.A. and R. Sierra-Alvarez, Univ. of Arizona.
Euro Chlor, 98 pp, 2004
DNAPL Site Evaluation
Cohen, R. and J. Mercer.
EPA 600-R-93-022, 369 pp, 1993
This document has a broad discussion of DNAPL site evaluation and contains a comprehensive table of physical properties of selected DNAPL chemicals, including TCFM, in its Appendix A.
